You could probably build some sort of enclosure for the camera out of clear plexiglass or something similar. Use a rubber grommet to get the cable through the wall of the plexiglass enclosure so it's water tight. You could then maybe run the cable through your blowoff if it's long enough (or just get a wireless camera!).
something like that is probably relatively easy to make and use, but I'm not sure exactly what you could do to mount it inside the fermenter. Suction cups? Is there anything you can clamp to within the vessel? Maybe put a magnet inside the box and use a magnet outside of the fermenter (AFAIK stainless is not magnetic)... it would have to be strong and I'm not sure if it would cause any interference or not.
With that said, there are probably better solutions, but that's what I'd do to keep it cheap and simple.