I operate my home-brewery in a 700 sq ft apartment with a kitchen that's nearly 15' long but only 2.5' (4-6' without appliances) - apparently, there were only skinny people when the place was built in the 1890's.
Needless to say, my space is painfully small. Consequently, none of my equipment is stored in my kitchen.
It is all organized into a large cardboard box (soon to be upgraded to heavy duty plastic bin). First and foremost, everything is completely dry before being returned to storage after use (living in Denver makes this easy). Secondly, all of my cleaning chemicals (organic bleach, Star San, PBW) are sealed in air tight containers, away from all consumable/food items, (leftover malt, grains, oak chips, corn sugar, etc.) which are also sealed in air tight containers.
Fortunately, my buckets and kettle stack nicely and hold my other tools (hydrometer, thermometers, racking cane, bottle caps (in sealed container).
The hardest thing to store are my plastic hoses. While I could coil them up and easily keep them in the kettle, they take at least a day to dry after having cleaned them, so I typically hang them near my storage area (currently, the corner of my living room: definitely an area for improvement).
Last, my carboy always has beer in it, so I don't worry about storing it, just making beer!
:)
(I'm going to try and revisit this later with pictures and links to my forthcoming answers)